RECENTLY, HYDANTOIN ANALOGS WERE REPORTED TO SHOW ANTITUMORACTIVITIES. HYDANTOINS WERE SHOWN TO MODULATE PG–P AND INHIBIT MMPS. [1] SUBSTITUTED DIISOPROPYL BENZYLIDENE HYDANTOINS AND 2- THIOHYDANTOINS WERE PATENTED IN 1987 FOR THEIR TYROSINE KINAS INHIBITORY AND ANTIALLERGIC ACTIVITIES. [2]...

DENDRIMERS ARE A NEW CLASS OF SYNTHETIC POLYMERS BASED ON A WELL-DEFINED CASCADE MOTIF. THESE COMPOUNDS MAY BE SYNTHESIZED TO REACH THE SIZE OF NANOOBJECTS HAVING DIMENSIONS SIMILAR TO PROTEINS [1-2]. DENDRIMERS CONTAINING CYCLODEXTRIN SHOWED THAT THE B-CD-GRAFTED BIODEGRADABLE DENDRIMERS IS A POTENTIAL CANDIDATE AS AN EFFICIENT DRUG CARRIER SYSTEM BECAUSE OF ITS COMPARATIVE STABILITY IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AND ITS DRUG ENCAPSULATION AND RELEASE PROPERTIES. IN THIS STUDY, B -CD PER-FUNCTIONALIZED DENDRIMER ON THE SECONDARY FACE WAS PREPARED USING B -ALANINE-PROPARGYL ESTER AS LINKER TO RENDER THE COMPOUND INSOLUBLE IN WATER BY FORMING INCLUSION COMPLEXES (SCHEME 1). THE SYNTHESIS OF THE B -CD DENDRIMER ON THE SECONDARY FACE WAS CONFIRMED BY USING FTIR, 1H AND 13C NMR ANALYSIS. ALSO, 1H NMR STUDIES REVEALED THAT THE CD DENDRIMERS WAS SUCCESSFULLY SYNTHESIZED. PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF DENDRIMER WAS CHARACTERIZED BY USING DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING MEASUREMENT. THE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION SHOWED PEAKS AT AROUND 70 NM. THIS MODIFIER (B -CD) CONTAIN NANOCAVITY WHICH CAN ENCAPSULATE ORGANICS THUS REMOVING THEM FROM WATER.

THE UNIQUE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES AND GRAPHENE ARE ATTRACTING GROWING INTEREST IN SEVERAL SCIENTIFIC FIELDS SUCH AS PHYSICS, ELECTRONICS, CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, THEREFORE PROVIDING THE PREFIX-NANO-TO MOST THESE FIELDS WHICH CAN BE...

ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE Click reactionS AT THE PRESENT IS THE HUISGEN 1, 3- DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION reaction OF AZIDES AND TERMINAL ALKYNES CATALYZED BY COPPER (I) COMPLEXES. THE COUPLING OF AN AZIDE AND A TERMINAL ALKYNE BY A CU (I) CATALYZED 1, 3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION reaction LEADS TO THE SELECTIVE FORMATION OF A 1, 4 DISUBSTITUTED TRIAZOLE RING, A CHEMICALLY VERY STABLE COMPOUND. THIS reaction HAS MANY ADVANTAGES INCLUDE LOW reaction TEMPERATURE, SIMPLE AND INEXPENSIVE CATALYST, SOLVENT TOLERANCE, HIGH SELECTIVITY, HIGH PURITY AND QUANTITATIVE YIELD OF THE reaction [1-2].IN THIS PAPER, A NEW DIALKYNE-TERMINATED MONOMER WAS SYNTHESIZED AND USED IN THE Click reaction WITH VARIOUS ALKYL DIAZIDES TO PRODUCE POLY (TRIAZOLE-ETHER-IMIDAZOL) S (PTAEI). A SERIES OF NANOCOMPOSITES WAS PREPARED FROM SOLUTION BLENDING OF PTAEIS WITH EPOXIDE-END CAPPED CLAY NANOPARTICLES. INCLUSION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS SUCH AS TRIAZOLE AND IMIDAZOLE IN THE POLYMER CHAINS ARE CAUSED TO IMPART EXCEPTIONAL PROPERTIES INCLUDING SOLUBILITY, THERMAL AND PHOTOPHYSICAL AND ALSO THESE FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS AND PARTICULARLY THEIR NANO COMPOSITES CANACT EFFICIENTLY AS CHELATING AGENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION. THE RESULTING POLYMER AND THE NANO COMPOSITES WERE CHARACTERIZED BY USING FT-IR, 1HNMR AND TEM AND THEIR PROPERTIES SUCH AS SOLUBILITY, THERMAL, PHOTOPHYSICAL AND THEIR ABILITY FOR REMOVAL OF ENVIRONMENTALLY TOXIC HEAVY METAL IONS WERE INVESTIGATED.

SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES (SPIONS) WERE SYNTHESIZED BY CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD AND MODIFIED TO HAVE THIOL GROUPS ON THE SURFACE. SPIONS WERE DECORATED WITH HYDROPHOBIC AND HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS IN ONE STEP VIA THIOL-ENE Click reaction (TEC). THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF ALL PRODUCTS WERE CONFIRMED BY FTIR AND 1HNMR SPECTROSCOPY. DLS METHOD USED TO ANALYZE NANOPARTICLES SIZE AND TO GAIN INSIGHT INTO THE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF NANOCARRIERS, TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM) HAS BEEN USED. TGA TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE PERCENTAGE OF POLYMER ON SPIONS AND THE PCL/PEG RATIO OF COPOLYMERS HAS BEEN ANALYZED BY DSC METHOD. UV-VIS HAS BEEN USED FOR DETERMINATION OF IN-VITRO DRUG RELEASE.

1, 2, 3-TRIAZOLES, CLASSIC NITROGEN HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, ARE AN IMPORTANT CLASS OF MOLECULES, WHICH DISPLAY A BROAD SPECTRUM OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES. THESE COMPOUNDS ARE ALSO WIDELY EMPLOYED IN VARIOUS FIELDS OF CHEMISTRY, SUCH AS IN THE RESEARCH AND MODULATION OF DRUG CANDIDATES. 1, 2, 3-TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES HAVE BEEN REPORTED AS ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL, ANTITUBERCULAR, ANTICANCER, ANTIVIRAL, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE, ANTICHOLINERGIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS [1]. THERE IS A VARIETY OF METHODS AVAILABLE IN THE LITERATURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 1, 2, 3-TRIAZOLES. THE MOST ATTRACTIVE WAY TO PREPARE 1, 2, 3-TRIAZOLES INVOLVES THE THERMAL 1, 3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION OF AZIDES WITH ALKYNES, VIA Click reaction [2]. USUALLY, A MIXTURE OF CUSO4 AND SODIUM ASCORBAT WAS USED FOR IN-SITU PREPARATION OF CU (I) FOR PROMOTION OF THIS reaction [3]. IN THIS WORK WE HAVE APPLIED A MIXTURE OF PYROGALLOL AND CUSO4 FOR IN-SITU GENERATION OF CU (I) AND SYNTHESIZED A VARIETY OF 1, 2, 3-TRIAZOLES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE WITH GOOD TO EXCELLENT YIELDS.

BACKGROUND: THE 1, 2, 3-TRIAZOLE RING SYSTEM HAS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF CONSIDERABLE RESEARCH MAINLY DUE TO ITS USEFULNESS IN SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND ALSO BECAUSE OF WIDE RANGE OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SUCH AS AGROCHEMICALS [1], CORROSION INHIBITORS, DYES, OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS AS WELL AS BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE AGENTS [2]. …

COPPER COMPLEXES WAS IMMOBILIZED ON VARIETY HETEROGENEOUS SUPPORTS SUCH AS MCM-41AND SBA-15 [1-2]. AMONG NANO-SILICA CONTAINING HIGH SURFACE AREA AND REACTIVE MORPHOLOGIES HAVE BEEN STUDIED AS EFFECTIVE SUPPORT FOR ORGANIC reactionS [3]. Click CHEMISTRY, WHICH HAS BEEN APPLIED FOR THE COPPER CATALYZED ALKYNE−AZIDE CYCLOADDITION (CUAAC) TO GIVE 1,2,3-TRIAZOLES, HAS EMERGED AS A PROMINENT ORGANIC TRANSFORMATION [4]. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SYNTHETIC PROTOCOLS HAS ATTRACTED THE INTEREST OF CHEMISTS. BECAUSE OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE HETEROCYCLES IN THE FIELDS OF BIOCONJUGATION, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, AND MATERIALS SCIENCE. FOR INSTANCE, SOME 1,2,3-TRIAZOLES EXHIBIT CRUCIAL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES SUCH AS ANTI-HIV, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTI-ALLERGIC PROPERTIES [5]. THE PREPARED CATALYST WAS CHARACTERIZED BY FT-IR, UV-VIS, SEM, TEM AND ICP TECHNIQUES. AN EFFICIENT ATOM-ECONOMICAL AND REGION SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF A WIDE RANGE OF 1,2,3- TRIAZOLES IN EXCELLENT YIELDS HAS BEEN ACHIEVED VIA A ONE-POT THREE-COMPONENT reaction OF ALKYNES AND SODIUM AZIDE WITH ORGANIC HALIDES AND WATER SOLVENT AS GREEN SOLVENT CATALYZED BY CU(II) COMPLEX IMMOBILIZED ON NANO-SILICA AND SODIUM ASCORBATE )NAAS) AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.

TRIAZOLES HAVE ATTRACTED MORE ATTENTION, DUE TO THEIR WIDE APPLICATIONS.1 THE MOST POPULAR METHOD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE 1, 2, 3-TRIAZOLE FRAMEWORK IS THE 1, 3-DIPOLAR HUISGEN CYCLOADDITION reaction OF AZIDES WITH ALKYNES...

THE INCESSANT PROGRESS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MATERIAL SCIENCE HAS OPENED NEW PATHWAYS FOR DEVELOPING NEW FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS. AMONG THEM, GRAPHENE (G), A ONE-ATOM-THICK AND TWO-DIMENSION PLANAR MONOLAYER OF SP2-HYBRIDIZED CARBON, HAS BEEN RISING AS AN INTERESTING MATERIAL DUE TO THE UNIQUE CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES [1]. NCC IS A NONTOXIC, SUSTAINABLE, BIODEGRADABLE, RECYCLABLE MATERIAL PRODUCED FROM ABUNDANT RENEWABLE RESOURCES [2]. THEREFORE WE DECIDED TO USE NCC FOR FUNCTIONALIZATION OF GO. THE REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE SHEET (RGO) WAS FUNCTIONALIZED WITH NANO CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (NCC) VIA Click COUPLING BETWEEN AZIDE-FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO-N3) AND TERMINAL PROPARGYL-FUNCTIONALIZED NANO CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE. THE COUPLING WAS CONFIRMED USING FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED, RAMAN, DEPT AND 13C NMR SPECTROSCOPY, AND THE COMPLETE EXFOLIATION OF GRAPHENE IN THE NANO CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE MATRIX CONFIRMED BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION MEASUREMENT.